Ososayensi bakhe ipulasitiki elilingana nensimbi — eliqinile kodwa elingesindi.Ipulasitiki, osokhemisi ngezinye izikhathi abayibiza ngokuthi ama-polymer, iyisigaba samamolekyuli amaketanga amade akhiwe amayunithi aphindaphinda amafushane abizwa ngokuthi ama-monomers.Ngokungafani nama-polymer angaphambilini wamandla afanayo, into entsha kuphela. ifika nge-membrane.Iphinde ibe ne-airtight ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-50 kunepulasitiki engangenisi kakhulu emakethe.Esinye isici esiphawulekayo sale polymer ukuba lula kwayo ukuhlanganisa.Inqubo, eyenzeka ekamelweni lokushisa, idinga izinto ezishibhile kuphela, futhi i-polymer ingakhiqizwa ngobuningi ngamashidi amakhulu angama-nanometers awugqinsi kuphela.Abacwaningi babika abakutholile ngo-Feb. 2 kujenali ethi Nature.
Into okukhulunywa ngayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-polyamide, inethiwekhi enentambo yamayunithi ama-amide amangqamuzana (ama-amide angamaqembu amakhemikhali e-nitrogen axhunywe kuma-athomu e-carbon-bonded carbon). Lawa ma-polymer ahlanganisa i-Kevlar, i-fiber esetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-bulletproof vests, kanye ne-Nomex, i-fire- Indwangu engazweli.Njenge-Kevlar, ama-molecule e-polyamide endabeni entsha axhunywe elinye nelinye ngamabhondi e-hydrogen kubo bonke ubude bamaketanga awo, athuthukisa amandla awo wonke wento.
"Banamathela ndawonye njenge-Velcro," kusho umlobi oholayo uMichael Strano, unjiniyela wamakhemikhali we-MIT.Izinto zokudabula azidingi nje ukuphula amaketanga angama-molecular, kodwa futhi zinqobe izibopho ezinkulu ze-intermolecular hydrogen ezithinta yonke inqwaba ye-polymer.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-polymers amasha angakwazi ukwakha ama-flakes ngokuzenzakalelayo.Lokhu kwenza izinto zibe lula ukucubungula, njengoba zingenziwa zibe amafilimu amancane noma zisetshenziswe njengendwangu yefilimu encane. isixhumanisi ngobukhulu obuthathu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imuphi umumo.Kodwa ama-polymer kaStrano akhula ngendlela eyingqayizivele ku-2D ukuze akhe ama-nanosheet.
“Ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa ephepheni?Kuvela ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, awukwazi ukukwenza kuze kube umsebenzi wethu,” kusho uStrano.” Ngakho-ke, sithole indlela entsha.Kulo msebenzi wakamuva, ithimba lakhe linqobe isithiyo ukuze lenze lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezinhlangothi ezimbili kwenzeke.
Isizathu sokuthi i-polyaramides ibe nesakhiwo se-planar ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-polymer kuhilela indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-autocatalytic templating: njengoba i-polymer inweba futhi inamathela kumabhulokhi wokwakha we-monomer, inethiwekhi ye-polymer ekhulayo idonsa ama-monomer alandelayo ukuthi Ahlanganise kuphela endaweni efanele ukuze kuqiniswe ukuhlangana kwe-polymer. ukwakheka kwezinhlangothi ezimbili.Abacwaningi babonise ukuthi bangakwazi ukumboza kalula i-polymer esixazululweni kumawafa ukuze bakhe ama-laminate angama-intshi ububanzi obungaphansi kwama-nanometer angu-4. Lokho cishe kuyingxenye yesigidi ukujiya kwephepha elivamile lasehhovisi.
Ukuze balinganise izici zemishini yezinto ze-polymer, abacwaningi balinganise amandla adingekayo ukuze kubhojwe izimbobo eshidini lempahla elengayo elinenaliti enhle. kuthatha amandla aphindwe kabili ukuqaqa le polyamide enamandla kakhulu kunensimbi enogqinsi olufanayo.Ngokusho kukaStrano, le nto ingasetshenziswa njengesivikelo endaweni yensimbi, njengezinsimbi zemoto, noma njengesisefo sokuhlanza amanzi. Emsebenzini wakamuva, ulwelwesi lwesihlungi olufanele ludinga ukuba luncane kodwa luqine ngokwanele ukuze lukwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi eziphakeme ngaphandle kokuvuza ukungcola okuncane, okuyinkathazo esiphakelini sethu sokugcina - esilingana kahle nale nto ye-polyamide.
Ngokuzayo, u-Strano unethemba lokwelula indlela yokwenza i-polymerization kuma-polymer ahlukene ngale kwe-analog ye-Kevlar."Ama-polymer asizungezile," esho.Cabanga nje ushintsha izinhlobo eziningi zama-polymer, ngisho nezingavamile ezingahambisa ugesi noma ukukhanya, zibe amafilimu amancane angakwazi ukumboza izindawo ezihlukahlukene, uyanezela. Kusho uStano.
Ezweni elizungezwe amapulasitiki, umphakathi unesizathu sokujabula ngenye i-polymer entsha enezakhiwo zayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kusho uStrano.Le aramid iqinile kakhulu, okusho ukuthi singakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni sepulasitiki yansuku zonke, kusukela kumapende kuya ezikhwameni kuya emaphaketheni okudla, ngezinto ezimbalwa futhi ezinamandla.U-Strano wengeze ngokuthi ngokombono wokusimama, le polymer ye-2D enamandla kakhulu iyisinyathelo esiqonde endleleni efanele yokukhulula umhlaba kupulasitiki.
U-Shi En Kim (njengoba evame ukubizwa kanjalo ngo-Kim) ungumbhali wesayensi ozimele owazalelwa e-Malaysian kanye nomsebenzi wokuhlela we-Popular Science Spring 2022. Ubhale kabanzi ngezihloko ezisukela ekusetshenzisweni okuxakile kobulembu—abantu noma izicabucabu ngokwazo—kuya kwabaqoqi bakadoti. emkhathini.
Umkhumbi-mkhathi we-Boeing's Starliner awukafiki e-International Space Station, kodwa ochwepheshe banethemba ngendiza yesithathu yokuhlola.
Singabambiqhaza kuhlelo lwe-Amazon Services LLC Associates, uhlelo lokukhangisa oluyinxusa oluklanyelwe ukusinika indlela yokuba sizuze izinkokhelo ngokuxhumanisa ne-Amazon.com kanye namasayithi ahlobene.Ukubhalisa noma ukusebenzisa le sayithi kuhlanganisa ukwamukela Imigomo Yesevisi yethu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-19-2022